Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is an inherited disorder that affects nerves and muscles, which causes muscles to become increasingly weak. The cause is a shortage of the protein SMN, or ‘survival of motor neuron’. This protein is crucial for the function of nerves that control muscle activity. Without this protein, the motor neuron cells shrink and eventually die. This leads to muscle weakness seen in SMA..

Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that can occur in people who have the skin condition psoriasis. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes the joints to become swollen, stiff and painful. Approximately 30 percent of people with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men (after skin cancer). The prostate is a gland that is only found in men.

Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in front of the neck and is shaped like a butterfly.

Stomach cancer, or gastric cancer, begins when cells in the stomach start to grow out of control. These cells can grow into a tumor. Stomach cancer usually develops slowly, over the course of years

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer. It forms when cells in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, start to grow out of control.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a slow-growing disease in which too many immature lymphocytes (white blood cells, which are cells of the immune system of the body) are found mostly in the blood and bone marrow.

Muscular Dystrophy (MD) refers to a group of over 30 inherited genetic and progressive diseases caused by a mutation in a person’s genes. The different types of MD vary in signs, symptoms and affect specific muscle groups.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) also known as acute myelocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.

Lung cancer begins in the lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body. Lung cancers usually are grouped into two main types:small cell and non-small cell.

Ovarian cancer forms in the tissues of the ovaries, the female reproductive glands. Ovaries are made up of 3 main kinds of cells: cells that cover the outer surface of the ovary, germ cells that produce the eggs, and cells that hold the ovary together and produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.

A migraine is a moderate to severe headache described as a beating pain on one side of the head. It can be accompanied by other symptoms, including sensitivity to sounds and light, or feeling sick (nausea, vomiting).

Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) is a neurological condition that causes outbursts of uncontrolled or inappropriate laughing or crying. It is also known by other names including emotional lability, pathological laughing and crying, involuntary emotional expression disorder, compulsive laughing or weeping, or emotional incontinence.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) also called kidney cancer or renal cell cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells are found in the lining of tubules in the kidney. RCC accounts for more than 80% of all kidney cancers.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks body tissues. It primarily affects joints, but it can also cause inflammation of organs, such as the lungs, eyes, skin, and heart.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that disrupts communication between the brain and other parts of the body.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive brain disorder that causes shaking and muscle stiffness, and slows movement.

Colorectal cancer or colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine (colon), which is the final part of the digestive tract. Both colon cancer and rectal cancer can be referred to as colorectal or bowel cancer, but there is a slight difference between the two based on where the cancer begins.

There are several ALS medications that are not yet approved in any country and currently under clinical trial. Read about the latest approved treatments.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a growth-promoting protein on the outside of all breast cells. Breast cancer cells with higher than normal levels of HER2 are called HER2-positive.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a cancer that tests negative for progesterone and estrogen receptors, and excess HER2 protein. This means that the growth of the cancer is not fuelled by the estrogen and progesterone hormones, or by the HER2 protein. So, TNBC does not respond to hormonal therapy medicines or medicines that target HER2 protein receptors.